RWIS relies on Environmental Sensor Stations (ESS) placed along highways to collect real-time weather and roadway information. These stations form the foundation of the system and transmit data to a central location where it is used for road maintenance and traffic management.
A typical ESS includes sensors for air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation type and intensity, pavement temperature, freeze point, and chemical concentration. Video cameras are often added to help operators visually confirm conditions. Some stations also monitor subsurface temperatures, visibility, water levels, and solar radiation
